Thinking Skills Principle #3: Make Thinking Processes Explicit

What is it?

The basics of the third thinking skills principle is that whether you fully adopt a part-task, a whole-task, or a combination of the two it is important to remember that to use instructional methods that make the thinking processes explicit. This type of problem solving training must include both the cognitive and the thinking skills portion of the job. As of today most job training's concentrate on knowledge of the job, such as facts, concepts, and procedures. To make the process explicit we must have the emphasis on cognitive skills. 

Example:

In the image below is an example of the third thinking skills principle. In this image you can see that the author wants to an emphasis on the cognitive skills of the learners. 

References: 

Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco: Pfeiffer.